## The Illusion of Growth
Until 1982, it was largely illegal for a company to buy its own stock on the open market. It was considered illegal market manipulation by the SEC. Today, it is the primary financial mechanism of the Fortune 500, destroying trillions of dollars of potential innovation.
### FAQ
**Q: Why would a CEO spend $3 Billion to buy back stock instead of raising wages or inventing new products?**
A: Compensation Contracts. A CEO's multi-million dollar annual cash bonus is frequently tied directly to a single metric: Earnings Per Share (EPS). The problem with EPS is that it is a fraction (Net Profit / Number of Shares). To make the EPS number go up, you can either do the incredibly hard work of inventing a new product to increase the Profit (Numerator)... or you can do the incredibly lazy work of raiding the company's bank account to permanently destroy Shares (Denominator). By burning corporate treasury cash on buybacks, the CEO mathematically "improves" the EPS metric without actually improving the company. The EPS officially rises, the Board of Directors pays the CEO a $15 Million cash bonus, and the company slowly dies over the next decade because it starved its R&D budget.